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. Dauber, Barbaro and Halder 2009milieux non-cultivés peuvent aussi constituer des habitats refuges, lors de perturbations agricoles, Pourtant, les habitats non cultivés, et en particulier les prairies permanentes, sont essentiels pour la biodiversité, 2000.

B. Thorbek and . Schirmel, De surcroît, les prairies permanentes procurent des habitats de haute qualité pour les pollinisateurs, qui peuvent y trouver une ressource florale diversifiée, 2002.

L. Féon, , 2010.

. Emmerson, Pourtant, la simplification des paysages par l'intensification de l'agriculture met en péril la biodiversité auxiliaire et donc les services écosystémiques qui en dépendent. Aussi, une plus grande hétérogénéité paysagère, 2008.

. Emmerson, En effet, les populations de ravageurs apprécient des conditions paysagères simplifiées puisqu'elles sont très liées aux cultures seules (Thies et al. 2011). La diversité des couvertures du sol disponibles dans un paysage complexe favorise au contraire leurs prédateurs en leur fournissant une continuité de ressources alimentaires, des travaux ont démontré que le contrôle biologique est favorisé par un paysage agricole plus complexe, i.e. pourvu de parcelles plus petites et de plus importantes surfaces semi-naturelles, 2001.

. Woodcock, , 2016.

. Baranová, Les carabes ne font pas exception : leur richesse spécifique ainsi que leur densité sont réduites dans des paysages où les parcelles sont grandes et où il y a peu d'éléments semi-naturels

. Purtauf, D'une manière générale, la diversité des carabes est favorisée par des paysages plus hétérogènes des points de vue compositionnel et configurationnel, Par ailleurs, la proximité de prairies est favorable à leur diversité, 2001.

, Pourtant, les carabes peuvent fournir un double contrôle biologique à l'agriculture, Kromp, 1989.

, Moonen and Bàrberi 2008) : comme leurs régimes alimentaires peuvent varier selon l'espèce ils sont potentiellement prédateurs, Kromp, 1999.

. Jost, Cela confirme que le premier déterminant des espèces de carabes reste le milieu d'échantillonnage, Cependant, la similarité que nous avons rencontrée dans les parcelles voisines reste relativement basse, avec une diversité beta de seulement 0, 1977.

, Ainsi, malgré des similarités, les cortèges de carabes de prairies et céréales sont, Kromp, 1999.

. Dans-ce-chapitre-;-fahrig, concernant à la fois composition et configuration, sur la richesse spécifique des carabes dans des céréales et prairies voisines. L'hétérogénéité des paysages, qu'elle soit compositionnelle ou configurationnelle, favorise une plus grande diversité de carabes, Dans les cultures, la proximité des prairies et des haies est aussi un facteur important, 2005.

. Duflot, En ce qui concerne les carabes des prairies, l'influence du paysage sur leur diversité est moins connue, même si Batáry et al., (2007les milieux semi-naturels, 2017.

. Hendrickx, , 2007.

;. Toutefois and . Batáry, ont démontré que les communautés des prairies sont moins riches lorsque le paysage est plus diversifié, donc moins couvert de prairies. En effet, lorsque les prairies dominent, un plus grand nombre d'espèces spécialistes de ces milieux les colonisent, alors qu'en présence de cultures, les prairies sont colonisées par des espèces plus généralistes. Pour autant, nous n'avons pas trouvé d'effet du paysage sur les communautés de carabes des céréales, ce qui va à l'encontre des études connues, qui démontrent un effet positif de la proximité d'éléments semi-naturels, une plus grande diversité compositionnelle a eu un effet négatif pour la richesse spécifique des carabes dans les prairies du Forez, 2005.