Bacteriophages: an underestimated role in human and animal health ?

Marianne de Paepe (1) , Marion Leclerc (1) , Marie-Agnès Petit (1) , Colin R. Tinsley (1)

1 MICALIS - MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé

Metagenomic approaches applied to viruses have highlighted their prevalence in almost all microbial ecosystems investigated. In all ecosystems, notably those associated with humans or animals, the viral fraction is dominated by bacteriophages. Whether they contribute to dysbiosis, i.e., the departure from microbiota composition in symbiosis at equilibrium and entry into a state favoring human or animal disease is unknown at present. This review summarizes what has been learnt on phages associated with human and animal microbiota, and focuses on examples illustrating the several ways by which phages may contribute to a shift to pathogenesis, either by modifying population equilibrium, by horizontal transfer, or by modulating immunity.

Keywords: virome; digestive tract; community shuffling; biological weapon; horizontal transfer

Domains: Virology; Innate immunity; Adaptive immunology

Marianne de Paepe, Marion Leclerc, Marie-Agnès Petit, Colin R. Tinsley. Bacteriophages: an underestimated role in human and animal health ?. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2014, 4, p. 39. ⟨10.3389/fcimb.2014.00039⟩. ⟨hal-03665153⟩