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Disjunct populations of European vascular plant species keep the same climatic niches

Safaa Wasof Jonathan Lenoir 1 Per Arild Aarrestad Inger Greve Alsos 2 W. Scott Armbruster Gunnar Austrheim Vegar Bakkestuen 2 H. John B. Birks Mari Bråthen Olivier Broennimann 3 Jorg Brunet 4 Hans Henrik Bruun Carl Johan Dahlberg Martin Diekmann Stefan Dullinger 5 Mats Dynesius 6 Rasmus Ejrnaes Jean-Claude Gégout 7 Bente Jessen Graae Arvid Grytnes Antoine Guisan 8 Kristoffer Hylander Ingibjorg S. Jonsdottir 9 Jutta Kapfer Kari Klanderud Miska Luoto Ann Milbau Mari Moora 10 Bettina Nygaard Arvid Odland Harald Pauli 5 Virve Ravolainen Stefanie Reinhardt Sylvi Marlen Sandvik Fride Høistad Schei James D. M. Speed Jens-Christian Svenning 11 Wilfried Thuiller 12 Liv Unn Tveraabak Vigdis Vandvik Liv Guri Velle Risto Virtanen 13 Pascal Vittoz 14 Wolfgang Willner 15 Thomas Wohlgemuth 16 Niklaus E. Zimmermann 17 Martin Zobel 18 Guillaume Decocq 19
1 EDYSAN - Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés
2 National Centre for Biosystematics [Oslo]
3 Department of Ecology & Evolution
4 Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre
5 University of Vienna [Vienna]
6 Department of Ecology and Environmental Science [Umeå]
7 LERFoB - Laboratoire d'Etudes des Ressources Forêt-Bois
8 Laboratoire de Biologie de la Conservation (LBC)
9 University of Iceland [Reykjavik]
10 Dept Bio
11 Aarhus University [Aarhus]
12 LECA - Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine
13 Dept Biol
14 Département d'écologie et évolution
Département d'écologie et évolution
15 VINCA - Vienna Institute for Nature Conservation and Analyses
16 Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Avalanche Research WSL
17 ETH Zürich - Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich]
18 Institute of Botany and Ecology
19 UFR de pharmacie
Abstract : Aim Previous research on how climatic niches vary across species ranges has focused on a limited number of species, mostly invasive, and has not, to date, been very conclusive. Here we assess the degree of niche conservatism between distant populations of native alpine plant species that have been separated for thousands of years. Location European Alps and Fennoscandia. Methods Of the studied pool of 888 terrestrial vascular plant species occurring in both the Alps and Fennoscandia, we used two complementary approaches to test and quantify climatic-niche shifts for 31 species having strictly disjunct populations and 358 species having either a contiguous or a patchy distribution with distant populations. First, we used species distribution modelling to test for a region effect on each species' climatic niche. Second, we quantified niche overlap and shifts in niche width (i.e. ecological amplitude) and position (i.e. ecological optimum) within a bi-dimensional climatic space. Results Only one species (3%) of the 31 species with strictly disjunct populations and 58 species (16%) of the 358 species with distant populations showed a region effect on their climatic niche. Niche overlap was higher for species with strictly disjunct populations than for species with distant populations and highest for arctic-alpine species. Climatic niches were, on average, wider and located towards warmer and wetter conditions in the Alps. Main conclusion Climatic niches seem to be generally conserved between populations that are separated between the Alps and Fennoscandia and have probably been so for 10,000-15,000 years. Therefore, the basic assumption of species distribution models that a species' climatic niche is constant in space and time-at least on time scales 104 years or less-seems to be largely valid for arctic-alpine plants.
Keywords : climatic niche niche conservatism niche optimum niche overlap niche width species distribution modelling
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Submitted on : Sunday, October 1, 2017 - 6:23:54 PM
Last modification on : Friday, May 29, 2020 - 1:38:02 AM

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Safaa Wasof, Jonathan Lenoir, Per Arild Aarrestad, Inger Greve Alsos, W. Scott Armbruster, et al.. Disjunct populations of European vascular plant species keep the same climatic niches. Global Ecology and Biogeography, Wiley, 2015, 24 (12), pp.1401 - 1412. ⟨10.1111/geb.12375⟩. ⟨hal-01599162⟩

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