LA VALORISATION DU GUARANA EN AMAZONIE BRESILIENNE : CULTURE DE RENTE ET/OU CULTURE DES FILIERES
Résumé
In Brazil, the question of the requalification of local knowledge is hardly perceptible. It has become a main political stake for rural populations that are facing agribusiness expansion. The example of Guarana, a plant from Amazonia, is emblematic of the competition between different models of production, each of them based on specific history, beliefs, practices and botanical varieties. After numerous decades along which productivist model of production has been dominant, the commercial success of the Guarana based products and the local appropriation of the system of reference linked with sustainable development have favoured the diversification of the forms of management and economic development of the plant in its origin area. While the multinational company AMBEV, leader on the market of Guarana based soda, intends to keep the control on the market of the Guarana, various categories of producers (American Indians; caboclos, local communities, rural workers) are mobilizing for few years to stand up their know-how and the specificity of their production linked with their territory. Among those groups, the Satéré Mawé indians claim that they are depositary of the genetic diversity of the plant and that they still collect native seedlings in the forest to maintain the diversity in their fields. In this paper, we will watch the regional history and we will underline how environmental stakes (such as biodiversity conservation, traditional knowledge protection, green market) result within the territory in new cleavages related with the uses of natural resources.
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